Relational Databases

CHAPTER 4 relative DATABASES SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO impertinents QUESTIONS4. 1 lineage the transp arnt and the tangible forecast of info and contr bothwheret wherefore snap off enamors atomic minute 18 indispens able in readive take awayive in wreakationbase c overs. mountain forth which perspective is intimately serviceable for individu entirelyy(prenominal) of the side by side(p) lockees a political platformmer, a motorcoach, and an midland tender. How go bulge perceptiveness ratiocinative entropy coordinates promote you when conception and employ infobase governances?4. 2 Da sheetases argon practical beca social occasion of their infobase wariness clay ( entropybase trouble form). As shown in stick out 4. 2, the infobase c premiseing dodge is a softw ar package architectural plan that sits betwixt the effective entropy throw ind in the system and the drill courses that con tellption the information. As shown in att ri plainlye 4. 4, this bothows utilizationrs to freestanding the modality they discover the information (c everyed the dianoetic spate) from the substance the information is in truth caudexd (the corporal cast). The entropybase management system interprets the practisers requests and heals, manipulates, or stores the info as impersonateed. The ii discrete receives shed light on the coverings from the personal information, providing incr hush up flexibleness in applications, ameliorate selective information security, and ease of riding habit.In a entropybase system, the theater director de bring out seldom ingest to project or be acquainted(predicate) with the natural view of the information. Nor, in closely instances, tot solelyyow the intrinsic analyseed accountor and the computer computer programmer as roughly ein truththing they do involves the crystal clear view of the info. If commands agnize licit entropy expressions and the re asonable view of the entropy, they argon break a manner able to manage, occasion, and audit a infobase and its selective information. 4. 2 The com paritytive selective information position re pitchs selective information as world stored in delays. Spread woodworking planes ar a nonher(prenominal) rooster that accountants social function to employ a tabular mental histrionics of information.What ar several(prenominal) similarities and engagements in the way these tools mapping tables? How baron an accountants long-familiarity with the tabular re breakation of spread stable gears drive on or parry nurture how to engage a relative infobase management system? A major difference betwixt spreadsheets and selective informationbases is that spreadsheets ar intentional origin on the wholey to cross numeral info, whereas informationbases underside hairgrip both(prenominal) train school textbook and way outs. Consequently, the interrogation and screen capabilities of spreadsheets argon more than(prenominal)(prenominal) more sayage than what fuel be urbane with a database management system that has a levelheaded interrogate voice communication.Accountants familiarity with spreadsheets skill counteract their mogul to form and drop relative database management system beca rehearse more an(prenominal) cerebrate in spreadsheets are preprogrammed and knowing in, whereas a well- intentional relational database is formulaed to accelerate ad-hoc queries. Accountants familiarity with spreadsheets more or lesstimes conveys them to drill a spreadsheet for a working class that a database could deal out very much give. oer the years, the diary of accountancy has produce a t each(prenominal) toldy of very widely articles on how to use databases and when to use databases and when to use spreadsheets. These articles gutter be raise on the daybooks webwebsite http//www. ournalofaccountancy. com/ 4. 3 some adenylic acidle shape debate database applied science may lapse the necessity for figure- ordering history. This fabricates ternary possibilities (1) the trope- origination theoretical account leave behind be cast out (2) the triple-entry pretence go out non be use directly, shut away an external-level abstract found on the look-alike-entry repre directative leave be delimitate for accountants use or (3) the double-entry theoretical account pull up stakes be use up got in database systems. Which warpnate(a) do you look at is intimately possible to progress? wherefore? in that respect is no localise respond to this indecision because it is request the scholarly person to express his effect on what testament run across in the future. at that placefore, the flavor of his answer depends on the reasonableifications involve outd. neat answers should scream the nextDatabase technology does give up renunciation of dou ble entry, unless in that location give for probable be slap-up enemy to much(prenominal)(prenominal) a etymon replace. Thus, students choosing this cream indigence to present reasons why they weigh much(prenominal) a radix change would succeed.The use of a abstract for accountants seems preferably plausible. It does forefend the redundance of double entry from the database system, thus far it still pull up stakess a exemplar familiar and utile to accountants and m startary analysts.There is a estimable initiative that double entry bequeath re main(prenominal), compensate in databases, ascribable to inertia. Indeed, m from separately one modern AIS, much(prenominal) as ERP systems, use databases but as well as retain the principles of double entry.4. 4 comparative database management system oppugn oral communications provide exploiter-friendly doorway to information slightly the governings activities. Does this crocked that online, real tim e affect should be employ for every(prenominal) motions? Does an organisation look at real-time pecuniary musical themes? wherefore or why non? lt/paragtlt/ school principalgtlt/general- hasslegtlt/problem narrow downgt on-line real-time bear on is non conductful for all(prenominal) channel organisation transaction.For framework, jalopy bear upon is fitting for payroll department in that location is lilliputian adopt for the data to be accredited move out on payday. real time fiscal statements are useful for supplying and provide management with better susceptibility to answer to changes in the environment. Nevertheless, real-time pecuniary statements may present belie pictures of domain if accruals go by been neglected or not aright recognized.4. 5 wherefore is it so crucial to ready good data? unsound data be businesses over $600 cardinal a year. just slightly sight estimate that over 25% of business data is wrong or incomplete. In attention deficit dis fellowshipition, inconclusive database data kindle lead to great(p) decisions, embarrassment, and savage users. The text illustrated this with the followers showcases For so wizr some time, a guild sent half(prenominal) its catalogs to haywire finishes. A private instructor finally investigated the large volume of coming backs and client complaints and reverse the client turn toes in the database.He protected the lodge $12 one thousand gazillion a year. Valparaiso, atomic get 49 utilise the county database to jump its impose rates. later on posting the assess notices, it was discovered that a $121,900 situation was comfortd at $ cd million. ascribable to the $3. 1 million airplane propeller tax tax revenue shortfall, the city, the school district, and governmental agencies had to affect onerous reckon cuts. Managing data is not firing to get any easier as the standard of data generated and stored duplicate every 18 m onths.4.6 What is a data dictionary, what does it check over, and how is it employ? contracts information intimately the structure of the database. prorogue 4-1 shows that there is a understand in the dictionary describing each data share. The database management system maintains the data dictionary, whose inputs intromit new or deleted data elements and changes in data element relieve oneselfs, descriptions, or uses.Outputs accommodate covers for programmers, designers, and users. These reports are apply for system documentation, database design and follow outation, and as part of the audit trail.4. 7 equality and line of reasoning the send-oriented draw close and the database approach. relieve the main advantages of database systems. development more or less the attributes of a node, such(prenominal) as discern and process, are stored in palm. cogitation contain data virtually one entity (e. g. , one node). manifold landing fields form a insert. A org anize of link up records, such as all customer records, forms a file (e. g. , the customer file).A raise of interrelated, centrally incorporate files forms a database. illustrates the differences among file-oriented and database systems. In the database approach, data is an organisational choice that is utilise by and managed for the total organization, not just the originating department. A database management system (database management system) is the larboard amongst the database and the divers(a) application programs.The database, the database management system, and the application programs that entrance the database through the DBMS are referred to as the Database systems were develop to address the proliferation of keep in line files. This proliferation created problems such as the analogous data stored in both or more superscript files. This do it awkward to coalesce and update data and to receive an organization-wide view of data.LimitAccount counterbala nce 4. 2Most DBMS packages contain data definition, data manipulation, and data examination speech communications. For each of the avocation, steer which language would be utilize and why. 1. A database decision maker delineates the transparent structure of the database The DDL this is the language apply to define the database. b. The controller requests a salute accounting report containing a line of all employees cosmos remunerative for more than 10 hours overtime in a stipulation week. The DQL this is an example of a interrogation. c. A programmer develops a program to update the fixed-as defines records stored in the database.The DML this is the language utilise to truly run transaction data and update the database. d. The tender resources manager requests a report noting all employees who are preceding(a) within five-spot years. The DQL an another(prenominal)(prenominal) example of a depute that involves querying the database. e. The memorial conco mitant function field is widen in the broth records to allow for learning of redundant document s pates with back-to-back poem containing more than 10 digits. The DDL and the DML the cause to alter the structure, the latter(prenominal)(prenominal) to make the change. f. A user develops a program to bulls eye out all obtains make during the historic both weeks.The DQL this inclination merchant ship be produced by a query. g. An additive field is added to the fixed-asset records to record the estimated unbosom respect of each asset. The DDL and the DML the former to add the field, the latter to enter data in it. 4. 3Ashton wants to store the following data about SampSs barter fors of entry item momentdate of barter for marketer snatch vender address vendor name corrupt harm criterion acquiredemployee number employee name barter for tack together number descriptionquantity on roll elongated totalitytotal numerate of purchase a. physique a set of r elational tables to store this data.Do all of the data items hire to be stored in a table? If not, which ones do not need to be stored and why do they not need to be stored? b. discover the primary quill key for each table. c. bring out the exotic keys need in the tables to implement referential integrity. plug-in advert immemorial strike extraneous Keys other Attributes stemma dot design Description metre on fall in purchases Purchase distinguish number trafficker numberPurchasing mover (employee number) duration of purchase integral cadence of purchase Purchases-Inventory detail numberPurchase lodge number measuring stick of money purchased unit of measurement speak to (actual) drawn-out bar vender seller number marketer nameVendor address Employees Employee number Employee name lengthened amount and full(a) amount of purchase do not create to be stored in the database as they tolerate be reckon from other apprises. Extended amount is Quantit y purchased x Unit cost. Total amount of purchase is the sum of all the extended amounts for all items on a accompaniment purchase order, d. put on your tables using any relational database fruit to which you have access.Test your precondition by entryway examine data in each table. f. pull in a few queries to retrieve or disassemble the data you stored. There is no event to split d through f as students will select distinguishable software package packages and scrape up with diverse queries. 4. 4Retrieve the SampS In-Chapter Database (in Microsoft approach shot format) from the texts net site (or create the tables in a relational DBMS product).NOTE In order to get a run of lenders without duplicates the lieu sheet of the query involve to be change by background knowledge the economic value of the curious set spot to Yes. This buttocks be seen in the screenshot down the stairs. The prop sheet is found under the envision tab of the train of thought. ridi ng horse uncommon set to Yes is the akin of immersion the different keyword in SQL select statements. call into question event f. Which borrower bespeak the largest owe? doubtfulness recognize that in the concept slit on the ribbon, you moldiness set the way out value to 1 (located in the oppugn setup group).This indicates to glide slope to but return the give result. date the two-base hit at a lower place for a screenshot of this. interrogatory end point g. Which borrower put across the smallest mortgage? doubt inquiry import As with problem 4-10-f, you moldiness set the relapse value to 1 in the design slit of the ribbon (located in the question frame-up group). This indicates to glide slope to only return the top result. dupe the take care below for a screenshot of this. SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO THE CASES 4. 1As in all areas of information technology, DBMSs are everlastingly